On September

NDC+ State Parser

2010-10-17T03:44:00.000-07:00

this small program reliez.net. the main function is for parsing state data from NDC+ protocol. as we know on NDC Messaging System one of command is Central to terminal Message. the state is one of part from central terminal message beside screen, Fit and other.

Sometime when we examine the log from atm, we need the tools for parsing the meaning of state data. with this tools , just copy and paste the state data into box, and click button to get the description from state data.

Dont forget for cut the header message before paste state data into box, because this program cannot recognize the header message on the front of state data. or you will get invalid state data as message.

download this program via reliez.net

NDC and DDC ATMC Simulator

2010-04-18T08:24:00.000-07:00

Test tool for atm, one from reliez.net. now comes with NDC and DDC emulation supported. the feature of this tools :

Withdrawl and balance inquiry
traffic data console
log for examine message
NDC and DDC Supported
handle many much terminal.

On NDC for withdrwal.. the cassete should set type 1 and for DDC set to A. for tcp header not used for this version. for security this version not check card and pin number. any card and any pin can do transaction on this version :) . wanna try this app visit to Reliez for download

embed the atm journal data with picture

2010-02-13T03:07:00.000-08:00

this project made by me at a few years ago, the final this project is create second journal in atm which this second journal format in picture and embed with data from journal. the main requirement of atm should use windows xp for operating system and TCP-IP for communication.The app installed on pc same on atm pc, the application is thinny and running on taskbar tray and not take big resource for PC.

wanna try this app ,you can download via this link

Read ISO 8583 Message

2010-01-13T08:19:00.001-08:00

as we know the iso 8583 message consist of 3 main component, MTI (message type indicator), Bitmaps and element. and for Base 24 they have special feature for header which adding 4 component at the beginning of the message.

MTI consist with 4 character at the begining of message (if not using base 24 Header). and represent the function of message. for example, = "0200” ,”0210'”,”0400”,”0800”

Bitmaps contains information which field on element will be used. in bitmaps can be only primary or primary with secondary bitmaps. To indicate the bitmaps have secondary bitmaps, just convert the first character(hexa) into binary. if the fisrt bit is “1” the meaning the bitmap have secondary bitmap.

like the message Below :

0210723A00010A80840018593600141001099999
0110000000100000001007021533000001191533
1006100706565656100609010224000000090136
0020100236C0102240000000

from message we can split message like below.

component	Value
Message type indicator	0210 ( 4 digit character from start of message)
Bitmaps( only have primary Bitmaps)	723A00010A808400 because the binary of “7” (hexa) is 0111 the bitmap only have primary (16 hex character, if the bitmaps contain secondary the lenght of bitmpas is 32)
Data Element	185936001410010999990110000000100000001007 021533000001191533100610070656565610060901 02240000000901360020100236C010224000000

after that we must unpack every bitmaps into binary. every character will generate 4 bit . the result of “723A00010A808400” in binary =

0111001000111010000000000000000100001010100000001000010000000000

from the result above we know the active bit is 2,3,4,7,11,12, 13, 15, 32, 37, 39, 41, 49, and 52 (the bitmap with “1” value, the first digit is for cheking the bitmap consist secondary or not)

with the manual iso 8583 the data element can be split like below :

Field value

2 -> 593600141001099999
3 -> 011000
4 -> 000010000000
7 -> 1007021533
11 -> 000001
12 -> 191533
13 -> 1006
15 -> 1007
32 -> 565656
37 -> 100609010224
39 -> 00
41 -> 00000901
49 -> 360
54 -> 100236C0102240000000

NDC Screen Parser

2009-12-02T07:43:00.001-08:00

on the weekend i have free time, spend the time i write the code for create NDC Screen Generator, so with this application , i can create screen for data configuration with more faster than ussual. but until midnight.. its not to be done. it ok .. maybe i can continue at another day, but for parsing screen data is almost complete, but not all character control on special feature can show on this app.

the app create with Vb 60. you can download the application reliez.net . after you download you will have 2 folder inside , graphic folder and font. before you run the program you must register or copy the all font on folder font into windows/fonts. the font is font for NDC same as like font use on the ATM, so we can get the real screen data same as like on atm (Ndc alphanumeric 1 and Ndc alphanumeric 2).

for using this app, just paste screen data into textbox and press command button. the meaning on this data will show up on textbox below and the screen data will display on picture box . but it just for one screen command, if you paste or fill screen data with multiple screen , the program just read the first screen data and will ignore the second , because the picture box only have one screen. and the screen data should be completly with message class, sub class and message indentifier, like log below;

3000100111041(1 @=041BIG00NEPLEASE TAKE YOUR CARD
30: for message class
11 :for sub-class and message indentifier

ATM Monitoring And Alert System

2009-09-13T03:48:00.000-07:00

Atm monitoring or ATM alert System is one component in one complete atm system. the main function of ATM monitoring is to get real status and information from every atm on the cloud. so with this atm monitoring, the bank can keep uptime their atm network, because if one atm have problem with hardware or supplies the monitoring will be marked the atm and give alert for quickly response from the bank. the simple diagram for atm monitoring on atm system we can see on picture below(depend The ATM controller and Host bank) ;

ussualy the atm monitoring get message from atm switching or controller and in atm monitoring that message will be process for get real message about atm condition and status.

Some Atm monitoring have capable to send email or sms automaticly when one atm have problem on hardware or supplies status. so the bank staff still get information when holiday time . or the atm can be accesed from internet with web application on atm monitoring.

for simple example atm monitoring and alert system you can download from http://reliez.net/2009/11/05/atm-alert-system-with-fbus/ , the sample develop using visual basic and ms access for database and for alert system the application using Fbus for conneted to the nokia phone for sending the message. this is simple program and dont think you will get the great app like gasper monitoring system.

for testing you can download minihost simulator from x-riverside.co.cc .

Screen On NDC part 4

2009-08-18T20:13:00.000-07:00

There a some special feature on Scree NDC+ such as showing video or picture on idle time, changing color for upper ground and back ground , insert logo and animation or voice guidance on transaction request. this feature should put on a line of screen command of NDC+. The features can be access by using "ESC" Character and suplementary control code.

the feature and suplementary code based NDC+ programmer reference like below ;

Voice , Introducer ESC'P', indentifier '0'

Screen Blinking and color Control ,Introducer ESC'[', indentifier 'm'

Changing Display on Idle, introducer ESC'[', indetifier 'z'

Logo, Introducer ESC'P', indentifier '1'

Picture Control, Introducer ESC'P', Indentifier '1'

Display Image File, Introducer ESC'P', Indentifier 'E'

For Video or MPEG file can be treat or called by command like command for display image file.

Voice

if the atm have hardware for audio, the atm can played voice guidance while on some state of transaction, like on screen input your Pin, the voice will be played "Input your secret number", or on a waiting time, "Please wait while your transaction is processing". the control sequence for voice like table below ;

Picture or Movie

On idle timer while wait customer to insert a card, we can show picture or playing a multimedia file on atm screen for advertiser or information. the folowing table is control sequence for showing picture or movie.

below is sample for called pemovie.dat (movie.file) for idle screen :

3000100211010@@PEMOVIE1.DAT\[600z

Screen On NDC Part 3

2009-07-20T23:01:00.000-07:00

Here Below is list control character for screen on NDC from NDC programer reference.

Character Ascci Code
----------- --------------
FF OC Hex

function : Clears the screen and positions the cursor in the top left hand corner of the screen. Sets blinking to‘off’ and resets foreground and background colours to their defaults.

SO OE Hex

function : Inserts the screen called by the next three characters. Screens can be ‘nested’ to 5 levels using SO

SI OF Hex

function : Sets the cursor to the position indicated by the next two characters (row selected first, column selected second). Display data remains unchanged.

HT 09 Hex

function : Causes the name encoded on Track 1 of the card to be displayed, starting at the current CRT cursor position (32 characters maximum). Both ISO and VISA display formats are supported.

DC1 11 Hex

function : Enable video. Shows the screen display

DC2 12 Hex

function : Disable video. This command inhibits the screen display so that the cardholder does not see the display being built on screen. We recommend that you send a ‘disable video’ as the first control character in the screen, and an ‘enable video’ as the last control character in the screen.

ESC 1B Hex

function :Control character which introduces supplementary control codes for the following features:- Voice- Screen blinking and colour control- Changing display in idle- Select character set- Left margin control- Logo control- Picture control- Set display mode control- Display image files control- AnimationSee “Special Features” passage later in this chapter for details.

CR 0D Hex

function : Causes the cursor to be moved to the character position specified by the current left-hand margin on the following line

VT OB Hex

function : Causes the next character to be displayed from the secondary character set

Screen On NDC+ Part 2

2009-06-21T19:56:00.000-07:00

CRT Screen Layout

From CRT layout we customize the text will be displayed on Screen, for example i use microsoft Excel for generate and create a screen like picture below;

From Picture , the screen design for choice of transaction. and we can see every character start there a point for cordinat, Like character for VINUS ATM, the V character start at point @@, Chararacter for PILIH TRANSAKSI start at Point HB.

Complete configuration for sending to ATM ,Like Below:

3011100 @@VINUS ATM@:<100>BHPILIH TRANSAKSIF@<==TRANSFERF4PENARIKAN==>I@<==GANTI PINI3INFO SALDO==>LOMINI STATEMENT==>O1VINUS@RIVERSIDE.

30=data Command

= Field Separator or Group Separator or control character.

11 = Customise data for Screen and keyboard Data

100 = Number Of Screen.

next Field Separator is data Load for ATM.

Screen On NDC+ Part 1

2009-05-20T20:57:00.000-07:00

A screen is a string of characters that defines what is to displayed to screen. there a two type of screen; customised and reserved. for customised , the screen is design and created by self, and for reserved, the screen create and defined by default system.

On customised Screen we can decide for set text and picture for displayed on the screen, the data is downloaded to the terminal in a screen data load messagge. All Screen thar are accesed by the state table are stored in the screen table. each screen in table has a unique number from 000 to 999 and it's number that referenced by parameter in the state tables during transaction processing.

for Reserverd Screen is a screen that is already defined within the terminal software. there a type for reserved screen. some type for reserverd screen like list below.

A= Supervisor screen
C= Cardholder Display
G= Graphics Pictures
L= Displayed Logo
K= Extended Screen Controls
..Etc.

For card holder Display is prompted for card holder for screen during transaction. the default card holder display for this type.

Screen "C00"
for prompts card holder if transaction have failed transaction or time out state on communication with Host.

Screen "C01"
Displayed Off-Line Screen

Screen "C02"
Displayed Out of service Mode

For Graphic Picture screen type "G" for reserved is;
"G00" Standard Insert Card Picture
"G01" Standard Press key a picture
"G03" Standard Make A Deposit Picture
"G04" Standard Take receipt Picture
"G05" Standard Take Money Picture
"G06" Standard Take Statement Picture.

to becontinued ..

Header Type Of Message

2009-04-08T20:06:00.000-07:00

Now most popular typical communication in ATM is using TCP-IP. In messages using the TCP/IP communications protocol, a header can be inserted

at the beginning and the end of the message containing the length of the message. There are many types of header.
for example we will used command for inservice. from NDC+ for inservice we use ;

1.000.000.1

1 = Message Class terminal Command
. = Field Separtor, 1c in hexa
000 = Logical Unit Number / Luno
. = Field Separator
000 = Message Sequence number
. = Field Separator, 1c in hexa
1 = Command code , 1 for go inservice.

in Hexa format
31 1C 20 20 20 1C 20 20 20 1C 31

1. No Header.
If using No Header, the message just sending in plain text. like below message.
1.000.000.1 = asccii
31 1C 20 20 20 1C 20 20 20 1C 31 = hexa

2 STX and ETX Header
The header consists of an STX character followed by a two bytes binary
message length. An ETX is ending the message. The two length bytes are not
included in the message length
[STX]1.000.000.1[ETX]
02 31 1C 20 20 20 1C 20 20 20 1C 31 03

3. ASCII Header
The header consists of the message length expressed as four ASCII decimal
digits. The four length bytes are not included in the message length.
00 05 31 1C 1C 1C 31 - in hexa
..1...1 = in ASCII , we count The message is 5 = 1...1 (without Luno and Msg sequence number)

4 Two bytes Hexa
The header consists of the message length expressed as a two bytes binary
value, MSB byte first. The header length is not included in the message length
..1.000.000.1 = in ascii
00 0C 31 20 1C 20 20 20 1C 20 20 20 1C 31 = in hexa , 00 0C is header

NDC + Controller Simulator

2009-02-21T00:10:00.000-08:00

Here one tools for testing connection ATM with Controller. The application is a small program write with visual basic 6.0. The simulator have 2 socket for connection to ATM. the Controller use NDC + and TCP-IP and no use header type for cheking the message. with this simulator you can send configuration to atm and give command such as in-service, out of service, retrive hardware fitness and supplies status, the other is traffic console, so we can see the message incoming and outgoing from and to ATM machine.
This program is free and you can download at reliez.net or x-riverside.co.cc . you need register to enable download, after you have application, you can send me email for the password for the application.

State on NDC +

2009-01-24T12:09:00.000-08:00

One of many configuration data which sending by the host/ATM controler is State data. State data have specifies task for atm. For example when atm in inservice mode, and we insert the card, the state will check the state table for handling and action for this activity and atm wil display the screen for enter Pin Number (commonly).

Each State have type state and state number, which each type have function depend of the type. Most state includes a screen number and a next state number as part of the table data. State table 000 is the first state table that the terminal is in when it enters in-service mode. State table 000 is usually a card read state.

The terminal may use one state type several times while processing a transaction; depending on the transaction that the costumer has requested, other state types might not be used at all. The use of these state types, in any order, defines terminal operation.A summary of all the state types is shown in the following List

No. State Table Type Description
1 A Card Read
2 B PIN Entry
3 C Envelope Dispenser
4 D Pre-set Operation Code Buffer
5 E Four SDK Selection Function
6 F Amount Entry
7 G Amount Check
8 H Information Entry
9 I Transaction Request
10 J Close
11 K FIT Switch
12 _ Expanded FIT Switch
13 L Card Write
14 M Enhanced PIN Entry
15 N Camera Control
16 P Courtesy Amount Verification
17 Q DPM Document Accept
18 R Enhanced Amount Entry
19 S Language Code Switch
20 T Card Read – PIN Entry Initiation
21 W FDK Switch
22 X FDK Information Entry
23 Y Eight FDK Selection Function
24 Z Extension State
25 b Customer Select PIN State
26 d…g Available as identifiers for Exit State
27 i Audio Control State
28 k Smart FIT check state

Authorization Message On MTI (message type indentifier)

2009-01-24T08:38:00.000-08:00

Below list is description for message type indetifier (MTI) for authorization message on ISO 8583.

0100 authorization request
0101 authorization request repeat
routing : from acquirer to card issuer
type : interactive
purpose : request appoval authorization or guarantee for a transaction to proceed. it is intended to permit the aplication of this transaction to the cardholder'scaccount for the purpose of issuing a bill or statement.an 0110 authorization request response is required.

0102 authorization completion comfirmation
0103 authorization completion comfirmation repeat
routing : from acquirer to card issuer
type : interactive
purpose: may be sent after receipt of an 0110 authorization request response to indicate that the authorization actions specified by the 0110 have been completed an 0112 authorization completion response may be sent in reply to an 0102 authorization completion comfirmation and shall be sent in reply to an 0103 authorization completion confirmation repeat.

0110 authorization request response
routing : from card issuer to acquirer
type : interactive
purpose: shall be sent in response to either an 0100 authorization request or an 0101 authorization request repeat and carries the answers to that request.

0112 authorization completion response
routing : from card issuer to acquirer
type : interactive
purpose: may be sent to indicate receipt of an 0102 authorization completion comfirmation and shall be sent to indicate receipt of an 0103 authorization completion confirmation repeat.

0120 authorization advice
0121 authorization advice repeat
routing : from acquirer to card issuer
type : interactive
purpose: advises of an authorization carried out on behalf of the card issuer. it is not intended to permit application of this transaction to the cardholder's account for the purpose of issuing a bill or statement. an 0130 authorization advice response may be sent in reply to an 0120 authorization advice message and shall be sent in reply to an 0121 authorization advice repeat.

0122 authorization advice completion comfirmation
0123 authorization advice completion comfirmation repeat
routing : from acquirer to card issuer
type : non-interactive
purpose : may be sent after receipt of an 0130 authorization advice response to indicate that the authorization actions specified by the 0130 have been completed in a sucessful. partially successful. or unsuccessful manner. an 0132 authorization advice completion response may be sent in reply to an 0122 authorization advice completion comfirmation and shall be sent in reply to an 0123 authorization advice completion comfimation repeat.

0130 authorization advice response
routing : from card issuer to acquirer
type : non-interactive
purpose: may be sent to indicate receipt of an 0120 authorization advice and shall be sent in reply to an 0121 authorization advice repeat.

0132 authorization advice completion response
routing : from card issuer to acquirer
type : non-interactive
purpose: may be sent to indicate receipt of an 0122 authorization advice completion comfirmation and shall be sent to indicate receipt of an 0123 authorization advice completion comfirmation repeat

Structure Message on ISO 8583

2009-01-13T15:58:00.000-08:00

On ISO 8583 each message formating with this sequence :

Message Type Indentifier
One or more Bitmap
Data Elements.

A four digit numeric field describing each message class and function. all message should start with a message type indentifier (MTI). Below is message indetifier type.

00xx : Reserverd for ISO use

01xx : Authorization Message

02xx : Financial Transaction Message

03xx : File Update Message

04xx : Reversal Message

05xx : Reconciliation control message

06xx : administrative message

07xx : Reserved or ISO

08xx : Network Management Message

Definitions on ISO 8583

2009-01-08T07:35:00.000-08:00

Some ATM use ISO 8583 protocol to talking with The ATM Controller, but this minority, The popular is NDC or DDC protocol. The ISO 8583 commonly using on EDC machine and Host to Host Connection in financial service .
ISO 8583 Standard for Financial Transaction Card Originated Messages - Interchange message specifications is the International Organization for Standardization standard for systems that exchange electronic transactions made by cardholders using payment cards.
A card-based transaction typically needs to travel between a number of systems. For example, a purchase made in a store may travel from the merchant terminal, through an acquirer network or networks, to the issuing bank where the cardholder's account is held. The transaction carries information about the type of transaction, the card used, the merchant, the transaction amount,security information, and so on. The response, authorizing or declining the transaction, needs to be returned via the same route to the terminal.

ISO 8583 defines a message format and a communication flow so that different systems can exchange these transactions. The vast majority of transactions made at Automated Teller Machines use ISO 8583 at some point in the communication chain, as do transactions made when a customer uses a card to make a payment in a store.

The ISO 8583 uses a concept called bit map whereby each data element us assigned a position indicator in a control field, or bit map. The presence of a data element in a specific message is indicated by a one in the assigned position, the absence of a data element is indicated by a zero in the assigned position.

Here is the definitions using in ISO 8583 sort by alfabet.

1. Acquirer : Financial institution which acquires from card acceptor the data relating to the transaction and initiates that data into an interchange system.
2. Advice : Message which notifies a party of an action that has been taken. Requiring no approval.
3. Authorization : The Approval or guarantee given by the card issuer to the acquirer.
4. Card Acceptor : Party Accepting the card and presenting transaction data to an acquirer.
5. CardHolder : Customer Associated with the primary account number requesting the transaction form the card acceptor.
6. Cardholder Accounts Transfer : The Movement of funds by a cardholder from one o his account to another of his accounts both of which are held by the same financial instution.
7. Card Issuer : institution which issues the indentification card to card holder.
8. Credit Transaction :A Claim for funds by the the card holder or the credit his account.
9. Debit Transaction : An approval by the card holder of the debit to his account.
10. Interactive Message : Message to be transmited and responded to while the transaction is taking place.
11. Intermediate Network facility : Any message processing entity positioned between the acquirer and the issuer.

Supervisor mode

2009-01-05T07:15:00.001-08:00

When a Atm goes to low level money or receipt/journal printer paper, the atm should send the a status message to ATM controller or ATM monitoring to tell and update this status. With this status personal on bank center can decide to visiting the atm to replenish the money and other (take and replace paper journal/receipt with the new one, copy video security guard, maintenance, repair , etc).

To do that activity, the personil bank must set the atm to the supervisor mode or maintenance mode. Supervisor mode is your means of controlling the terminal by giving you access to a range of menus and options. These allow you to customise the terminal to your requirements, enter and change encryption keys, replenish printer and cash supplies, as well as print and reset totals of money as required.

To enter supervisor mode depend of terminal type. If the type of atm terminal is Front load terminal, usually there is switch or key on inside terminal to change mode to supervisor mode, or some terminal have supervisor key at the fascia or upper door compartement. If we open that door the terminal automatic to supervisor mode.

If we success change the mode to the supervisor mode, the screen atm should displayed menu. Some atm should enter password before enter to the supervisor menu. For every brand atm have different look up and style of supervisor menu, but the main menu such as replenish menu, maintenance menu, and configuration menu and status menu should be there. Below is supervisor menu from NCR ATM.

Replenish menu is using for changing the money at the atm. If we choose the menu the sub menu will be show. configure menu, in this menu for general or all atm is enter master key or encrypted pin block, and other configuration such entering IP address, port number.
Diagnostic menu is utility for ATM technician or user to testing device at the atm. If we choose this menu, each menu for all device on atm will be appear. And other is status menu, this menu will be list status of atm and all device status on the ATM, another in this status menu is reset menu. Some error just need to be reset flag or status, so we can reset that error via this menu.
For ATM with rear load type , ussualy at the rear ATM have a small panel to replace function of main display of ATM, like picture below ;

Pin Ecryption With Diebold Format

2008-12-29T07:26:00.000-08:00

Beside Ansi Pin block, another popular for encryption on ATM is Diebold pin block format.Diebold pin block consist 16 hexa block digit and format appear like picture below. The format and encrypted method defined by Pin PAD on FIT (financial instution table) download.

The pin block is created from customer PIN and padding with F character until all completely 16 digit. For example the pin number is 1234 and the pin block is 1234FFFF FFFFFFFF. The lenght of depend o PIN by FIT on coniguration data download.

The encryption process results in 16 hex digits that are converted to ASCII by prefixing each hex digit with a hex 3 to convert the 16 hex digits to 16 ASCII digits. These 16 ASCII digits are sent to the host if the protocol is ASCII

How ANSI Pin Block work on ATM

2008-12-20T19:45:00.000-08:00

One of method atm for PIN verification is ANSI Pin Block. which is Ansi Pin block consist 2 blok, is PIN Block and PAN bock. PAN or primary account number Block is Acquire from track 2 on the magnetic card.

The Ansi Pin block has 16 hexa lenght and result from XOR operation from PAN block and PIN Block. for example we can see ilustrated below ;

From illustrated, we can see Pin Block. the component for pin block is ;

On Pin block
04 = ‘0’ is control field and always filled with zero
04 = ‘4’ is length of pin number
1234 = pin number
FF = padding character

On Pan block
0000 =PAD digit and always 0 value
589875200411= PAN Number, if less than 12 digit padding with 0

The result from XOR operation for PIN Block and PAN Block is 04126C678ADFFBEE.
This value must be encrypted with master key (stored on security module on ATM) before sending to the network.

For example the ATM use master key for encypted, and the value of master key is 1234567890ABCDEF. The result for this encryption is 953CC7CC0FC5BD7C

The result show on Test Key APP below;

Pin & Verification

2008-12-19T20:24:00.000-08:00

There a two type of PIN verification before sending to the network. the type is local verification and network verification. but for the now all atm commonly using network pin verification for their ATM.

Network PIN verification requires that the PIN be padded to 16 digits andencrypted before sending it to the Network. The terminal can encrypt thecustomer-entered PIN once or twice, then send it to the Network withunencrypted PAN and offset. The PIN may be send unencrypted, but this is notrecommended only for system testing. When the encrypted PIN reaches theverification point in the network, a single (or double) decryption restores the customer entered PIN. Then the generated PIN will be compared with thecalculated PIN. If the PIN is correct the transaction can be continued. The institution may choose to verify the encrypted PIN without performing decryption. This can be done by comparing the encrypted PIN to a table of encrypted PIN values. Therefore the PAN is used as a table look-up key.For remote PIN verification, the PIN is sent to the network in two different forms:

-ANSI PIN/PAN Block

-Diebold PIN Block

The terminal encrypts the block and sends it to the network. The network thenhandles the PIN verification.

Configuration Data

2008-12-11T08:16:00.000-08:00

When The first time ATM to turn on the power, atm go on power up mode. In this mode atm will load all Operating system, Driver and ATM application. After power up mode finish and line communication with host established, ATM entering to Out Of service Mode. On this mode, the first time ATM sends Power fail Message to ATM-C for notification central the ATM ready for operate and need configuration data to download..

If central /ATM-C receives power fail Message from terminal, the central will be download configuration data to the terminal using a series write command message. Which the configuration data divided into 4 categories.

• States - state tables direct the terminal to the tasks to be performed during each part of a transaction

• Screens - screen data contains display, control, and delimiter characters for different screens which must be shown during different parts of a transaction.

• Miscellaneous data consists of terminal parameters (capabilities), LUNO (a unique number identifying each terminal), and terminal timer values.

• FIT entries - Financial Institution Tables entries provide information which is used for identifying which institution has issued a particular card, decoding or encoding of data and for electronic fund transfer.

All configuration data will be stored or write on terminal. If the terminal succeeds in receiving the data, it returns a Ready State to Central, waiting for Central to send the next message. If the terminal fails in receiving the data, it returns a Command Reject message to Central.

This message exchange continues until all the configuration data has been sent to the ATM terminal. On completion, Central sends a Start-Up command message to the terminal, and the terminal goes into service

NDC+

2008-12-07T10:03:00.000-08:00

NDC+ is the terminal control application from NCR. It is table-driven and can be
customised to meet your own requirements.
NDC+ is the 4th generation version of NDC, and has been developed for NCR’s 4th
generation SSTs and Account Services Terminals. It allows you to run 4th generation
and Personas terminals in your network, in either Diebold Emulation of Native mode.

The NDC+ software system is made up of two parts:
-Terminal application
-Central application

The terminal application gathers transaction details from the cardholder and sends
these details in a transaction request message to the Central
When a terminal receives a transaction reply from the central, it completes the
transaction.

The terminal application responds to terminal commands from the central, such as
go-in-service or go-out-of-service, and requests for information, such as tallies, by sending solicited status messages to central. An unexpected event can be reported to central using an unsolicited status message.

The central application receives transaction request messages from the terminal,
and determines whether the transaction should be approved or declined. It controls
the terminal by sending terminal commands to it and acting on responses received.

The central application must be able to decode and act on the messages it receives
from the terminal.

The central application must also be able to code the messages in the form that the
NDC+ software in the terminal understands.

Double Detect On Friction System.

2008-12-06T00:17:00.000-08:00

On Dispenser a mandatory sould have one sensor to detect money double or not and to check size of money correct or not. double detect commonly is the sensor work principle with light sensor or lvdt sensor(mechanicly system)
On this article we will talk about LVDT double detect on Dispenser with friction system. For illustration I will use dispenser old IBM series.

From Picture Above, we can see the Feed wheel assembly, this roller which this function roller is picking the money. Actualy the roller is not realy simetris rounded, but the eccentric. This mean the ecentric area will pick the money on the cycle of roller. Media on the picture is money.
The working this module is, when the money picking by eccentric roller of feed whell, the money will try to go inside small gap between Fork Block and Fork. When the money on gap, the fork mechanicly will move depend the thickness of money, and this will change the value of lvdt sensor by Proximity probe. The default value of lvdt set by double detect adjust screw. So if double money go inside, the value of LVDT will be out of range, and by dispenser control module , this is indicate the the double money happened on the feeding action.

Part Of Dispenser.

2008-12-03T14:49:00.000-08:00

We know dispenser is one device on ATM who have function dispense money to the customer on one transaction. Dispenser have some parts module on itself, and how many module or part on dispenser depend or type of cash dispenser. Now we talk for dispenser on generally.
Dispenser consist 3 main module, Feeding Module, Stacking Module and Deliver/presenting module, each module have main function to do work of ATM, beside that! On dispenser have Money Cassette and Reject cassette. For illustration, picture below show module of dispenser old IBM ATM (diebold).

Feeding Module or on picture IBM call it with picker Module. The function of this module is to picking money from cassette and deliver to stacking area. The picking system on this dispenser is friction system which inside of feed module have one big roller for picking money before deliver to stacker unit. And about the cassette, the cassette insert to feed module. Usually on a Atm have 2 or 4 feeding module. Bellow the picture of money cassette inserted to feed module.

If cassette nor inserted to the Feed Module, there no chance to see the money inside if we don’t have a key to open it, but when tha cassette inserted to feed module, there a mechanicly system inside the feed module to open cassette so the money can picking by feed roller. Picture bellow is the Picking Roller inside the feed module.

A mandatory on each dispenser have a double detect sensor, to cheking the money is double or not, other that double detect have function to recognize size of money. If the money size not correct with the setting dispenser. The double detect will be reject the money to reject cassette. On some dispenser like IBM or wincor Nixdorf commonly double detect sensor located on feeding module, so if Dipsenser have 4 feeding module the double detect have 4 module too. But some model of dispenser only have 1 double detect module on stacking area. The cheking money will be do it before money go the stacking area.
Stacking module the function is to collect the money in one bundle before deliver to presenter area. In this area ussualy have one gate to the reject cassette, so if the money double detected by double detect the reject gate will be open and the money not to go to the bundle of money but go the reject cassette.
If in a transaction for example withdrawl 10 notes of money, after stacking module completed with 20 notes, the stacking area will be moving bundle the money to Transport or presenter area to deliver the bundle of money to the customer. On presenter area have sensor on the front, which the function is to detect the customer take money or not, if on 2 or three minutes not take by customer. The dispenser will be moving the bundle money to inside and to the reject cassette.
Picture below is path of money on fujitsu dispenser.

ATM Operating Modes

2008-11-30T04:34:00.001-08:00

For commonly and general, ATM have five operating Modes.
• Power Up Mode
• Out Of Service
• In service Mode
• Maintanance mode
• Of Line Mode
Atm will changes mode from one mode to other mode, when it encounter specific event . like when suddenly electric power turn OFF and then turn ON, or when the operator ATM do replenishment or cheking the money or status on the ATM.

The following article describe how the terminal enters and exits each of the modes and, if applicable, how the ATM functions when it is in that mode.
1.Power UP Mode
The ATM will Enters to Power UP Mode when. Power Button is turn on, or when activity to reset ATM. In this mode, ATM will load operating System and any device driver and Application for activate the ATM until the NDC or DDC application loaded and take over the control . when that happened, ATM will enter to the Out Of Service Mode.
2.Out Of Service Mode
In this Mode, ATM does not permit any transaction. Ussualy we can recognize this mode, when we look the display terminal, say sorry or out of service. In this mode, ATM and ATM-C Connected, and ATM can be receive command from ATM –C or Host. Usually on this mode, ATM will Receive Configuaration from ATM-C, and when all configuration is completed download to the ATM, ATM-C will give the In service Command to terminal for enters to in service mode.
Out of Service mode, will occurs when following conditions occurs.
• The ATM receive Go out Service Mode from ATM-C when in service mode
• The terminal Have problem with device security module or card reader.
3.In Service Mode
On IN Service Mode, ATM can process transactions and act a command from the ATM-C. However, if the ATM is performing a cardholder transaction, it will wait until the transaction has been completed and it has returned to the idle state before it acts on the command.
The ATM enters In-Service mode when one of the following conditions occurs:
• The terminal receives a Start-Up command from Central while in out-of-service mode.
• After completing the operations of maintenance mode, the terminal turns to the in-service mode if receiving a start-up command from central.
• Communications with Central are re-connected while in Off-Line mode,
In-service mode, the terminal uses the configuration data to determine the sequence of the ATM transaction.
4.Maintenance Mode
If the cabinet door or safe door is opened or some fatal error (just like some card reader error)occurs, the terminal will go to the maintenance mode. In Maintenance mode, a terminal administrator or operator can execute the maintenance function, such as replenishing cash, input master key and comm key. In this mode, The terminal does not allow cards to be inserted or process any transactions
5.Off Line Mode
The terminal enters Off-Line mode if a communication failure with Central occurs while it is in In-Service mode or Out-of-Service mode or Power-up mode. the terminal will wait for the next mode for enter, normally out-of-service mode or maintenance mode if maintenance switch is reset. In this mode, The terminal does not allow cards to be inserted or process any transactions.

Type Cash Dispenser

2008-11-28T18:28:00.000-08:00

Cash Dispenser is one of device attach on the ATM. The function of this device is to dispense the requested money and delivered to the front of customer. Cash dispenser module actually consists from many unit or module depends on type of dispenser .
For deliver to the customer, dispenser have 2 type of dispenser, dispenser with presenting unit and non presenting unit. The different of this type.
• With presenter : the dispense will delivered to the customer with a bundle of money, for example if you withdrawal for 50 $ and the currency of atm is 10 $, the atm will delivered pile of money ini 5 notes, and bring together to you.
• Without Presenter : against with dispsenser with presenter. For this type If you with drawl 50$ on currency 10 $, atm will delivered to you one by one note. And commonly for atm who using this dispenser have a cash pocket for your money, so your money will put on the cash pocket.
For money picking system, Dispenser have 2 system for picking money from their cassette.
• Friction system : for this system, dispenser picking money from cassette with a rubber roll and make friction with the pile of money on inside money cassette.
• Vacum system : there a suction pump with motor to generate suction power. The money on the cassette will be pick-up by a suction cup which connected to suction pump.
For Loading money cassete to the dispenser, there a two type.
• Front load : the money cassette inserted to dispenser on the same way with the direction of customer take their money gate.
• Rear Load : Against from front load, the cassette inserted to the dispenser by the back side of dispenser.
For Media Type For Cash Dispenser ;
• Cash Dispenser : dispense notes money
• Coin dispenser : dispense coin money

Flow Transaction Message

2008-11-25T07:34:00.001-08:00

For made a financial transaction, the first! Atm must send a transaction request to the ATM-C on data centre of a bank. From last section, we know a transaction request consists of component or element like below ;
• Card Number
• PIN Number
• Transaction Type
• Amount
• Buffer or another information.
From picture above we can see a illustration for a cycle of financial transaction on a ATM for commonly, because not all transaction on a bank have flow cycle like this.
From picture, a transaction request or trx sending to the ATM controller at host side. ATM-C will be procces this TRX . the first step on this procces is Cek & Confirmation. All step on this flow message like below ;
1. Card Cheking
The first ATM- C will be cheking card of customer. If validity of card is Success, the procces will be go the next step. But if card is not valid, The ATM-C will do function command to the atm to tell the atm for displayed to the screen for showed customer about information invalid card.
But if status card in the card management system in HOT(stolen by thief or missing according report from customer) The ATM_C wiil give function command to the atm for retained the card and show information reason why that card is retained.
2. PIN Cheking
If Cheking card is OK, The ATM-C will Cheking PIN Number of customer. If result of PIN Cheking is OK, ATM_C wiil continue to the next procces, but if not, ATM_C send a function command to ATM to tell Customer about wrong PIN. And commonly ATM-C will give chance three times to the customer for reenter the correct Pin Number. But if three times still failed, The ATM-C will send Function Command to retain card.
3. Confirmation And Approval
If no problem with PIN and Card Cheking, the next procces is Confirmation and approval. In this procces ATM-C will cheking the type of transaction, amount of transaction and another information on this transaction. After that ATM-C will send that information to the DataBank Host for approval.
4. Function Command
If ATM-C have receive Approval Status form host, The ATM C will send A function command to the ATM. For example if transaction type is withdrawl, and Host approve this transaction, ATM-C will give function command to the ATM for Dispense money regarding amount transaction, Recording transction on Journal Printer, and Print receipt for customer on Receipt Printer.
5. Reply Command
If ATM succesfull to execute function command from ATM-C, Atm will send the replky command to tell ATM-C about that transaction is OK or Succesfull. But if Not succesfull, ATM still send Reply Command to ATM-C, Whisc this reply Command filled with Error Code and Reason why ATM cannot Execute the function Command. If ATM-C receive reply command like this, ATM-C will Report this Failed transaction to the Host for REVERSAL (the bank not Debet the account of customer).

Transaction Request

2008-11-23T07:03:00.000-08:00

Sure ..! all of us commoly using ATM for transaction like payment, withdrawl, balance inquiry and more. But can we know how a transaction process can be done. on atm all transaction from customer called Transaction Request.
First Step when we do transaction on a ATM is insert the card to the card reader of ATM machine, and then no need long time atm will request us to filled pin (personal indentification number) on screen. We input pin number from keypad on the front of ATM. After that finish, the screen ATM will showed us, menu for main transaction. From here, we can choose what kind transaction to do. We choose via keypad on left or right display atm.
For example we choose withdrwal transaction, for this transaction atm will ask to choose main amount who displayed on the screen, or we choose for another amount. After that and wait for a second, the atm will dispense money regarding the amout we input. Same as If we choose transfer transaction, atm will ask us to filled account number destination of transfer and how much amount to transfer.
But not all transaction need filled amount input. For balance inquiry we don’t need to input amount field. Same as like cek mini statement or some payment transaction no need for input amount.
From above information, we know atm need information from us to do procees transaction request to ATM controller at Host Side on central bank. The information that we can describe like below ;

- Card number
When we insert card to the atm, atm will read card number from magnetic stripe and will keep that number on memory until all step on this transaction completed.
- PIN Number
Pin number will be stored on memory before send with all information to the host for verification. But some atm have different configuration, when we input pin , the atm will send the host pinblock we entered for verification. If the result is valid, the main menu transaction will be showed to the screen, and if not, the screen will tell the customer about wrong pin.
- Kind Of Transaction
When we choose of transaction we push a button from left or right of screen atm. Truly on this step atm recorded what button we pushed, and decide what kind transaction that we choose.
- Amount
When we choose withdrawl or transfer we must filled amount field with number, but when we choose transaction with no need amount, atm will be automatic padding the amount field with number “0”.
- Buffer
If the transaction need another information excluding Amount, like transfer transaction or payment transaction ( credit card number or account number destination). The atm will be stored that information on buffer.
If that all information completed, the atm will send that information to the atm controller on host side for further process. For how to process transaction request on atm controller, you can find on next article in this section.

OS on ATM

2008-11-22T07:45:00.000-08:00

In first 1980 or fisrt ATM generation, a main control of atm machine came from Zillog or mc 8088 family. And for that time, atm not need operating system for their main control. Commonly program or data embedded on the chip. Screen atm is monochrome and not to much kind of transaction can be done on atm because of limitations of storage media.

In the 90’ atm start using pc base for main controller. Start using processor series 286, atm using a hard disk for storage a data and operating system. Major operating system for this era is MS-DOS or IBM-OS2. on this time atm can show or displayed a graphical picture with low resolution. And then when Microsoft produce windows NT family. Some ATM application migrate to windows NT, which offering more advantages such security and rich multimedia capable.

And Now Commonly, Atm using microsoft windows (xp,2000.Emedded) for their operating system. Some Bank using linux or their ATM (bank on barzilia to replace old version of MS-DOS). With windows, now atm can playing a multimedia file while on Transcation or idle Time.

System Messaging / Emulation

2008-11-22T07:44:00.000-08:00

For make Connection between Host application and atm application, a system mesagging needed for each other can communicate on same behavior. Here is most system messaging used on automated teller machine.

• NDC
NDC or NCR Direct Connect is messaging from NCR (national cash register). One of famous ATM manufacturing. NDC have many version and the last version is added more feature from back version. In NDC have two mode, first is NDC Native mode ,and the other is NDC 912 mode to accommodate ATM-C/HOST with DDC Protocol.

• DDC 911/912
Same As like NDC, DDC or Diebold Direct Connect create by Diebold.inc the most player in ATM industries. There a 2 type, DDC 911 and 912. for 911 commonly using on America continent. 912. if we compare between NDC and DDC, DDC have one point plus. In a atm can use multiple currency, but according my opinion, its to hard and too complicated for status and error message. Not like NDC give more information about status and error in simple way.

• ISO 8583
ISO 8583 is standard international for Financial Transaction System. Some ATM using this protocol for communicate with the Host./ATM Controller. Another machine using this protocol is EDC (electronic data capture).

• Properity
This protocol is tailored made, and customized depend the host and the bank.

ATM Network

2008-11-20T05:33:00.000-08:00

A Standard ATM Network consist of some element which that element connected together from node at the ATM until Host at data center of Bank. Every element have function on each other. Picture bellow is a standard or a simple network at a bank for ilustration.

From picture above , we can see each element on the network atm.

• ATM-C (atm controller)
Every ATM on network will be Connected to the ATM-C via a cloude of networking. Every transaction and message fully controlled by this element, and how transaction will be process, depend on this ATM-C. for messaging system between ATM and ATM-C can use protcocl such, NDC, DDC,ISO8583 or Properitry. Once ATM-C use NDC for protocol, all atm under Atm-c should use that protocol too.

• Security Module
This device have function to decrypt pin block which sent from atm on a transaction request. Security module will be decide the pin block is valid or not, and will inform the atm about this.

• Card management and pin mailer system.
In this element, all account record and including pin block, card number, expired date of customer stored on database. The atm-c will verified the card number in this element. If record exist then atm-cp will check pin block on security module. If not atm-c will sent command to the Atm to returning card to customer and displayed on the screen information the card is invalid.
Another is, pin mailer system. this element have function to produce a new card of customer. Usually card management system and pin mailer system connect direct to security module, so if pin mailer produce a card, automatic generate a new pin for that new card.

Some ATM-C integrated with gateway to make connection with the host data center at a bank or to other gateway another bank, connect to other network provider such VISA or MASTER. Commonly connection for gateway using ISO 8583.

Variation Of Card Reader

2008-11-19T05:38:00.000-08:00

Many card reader type using on ATM, this article will be describe what kind of card reader on atm. The most popular card reader is motorized, another that is DIP card reader, Swipe Card reader and Hybrid card reader. Every card reader have advantages and disadvantages if we compare each other.

- Motorized card reader
This card reader have 3 stage area, first is a gate area. In this area have a head for read magnetic card and shutter gate. So ‘if a card don’t have magnetic stripe the shutter gate can’t be open. After a card pass a shutter gate, there is a motor with belt, who will be carry out the card to head read/write area. In this area the card will reading or writing by head magnetic if the track 2 form magnetic stripe on the card have valid data, the application by card reader will be granted acces for customer. But if not !, depend the application, returned to customer or retained ?, if application set to retained card bin, the card move to the reject bin area

- Hybrid Card Readed
Same as like Motorized Card reader, but on this kind card reader have head for card with chip or smart card. So this card can read card from magnetic stripe or smart card, depend the application set.

- DIP card Reader
The dip card reader is a manually operated mechanism designed to accept and read magnetic identification cards (as described in ISO standard 7810- 7813). Typical dip card reader operation consists of prompting the consumer to insert and then remove the card. The consumer inserts the card horizontally with the magnetic stripe down and to the right. The dip card reader reads the card twice: once when the consumer inserts the card and once when the consumer removes the card. The dip card reader uses a good read obtained during either the insertion or the removal of the card to process the transaction.The dip card reader cannot retract, capture, or retain cards

- Swipe Card Reader
The dip card reader is a manually operated mechanism designed to accept and read magnetic identification cards (as described in ISO standard 7810- 7813).
Typical swipe card reader operation consists of prompting the consumer to insert the card into either end of the card reader and move the card through the card reader. The magnetic stripe can be up or down (or to the left or right) since the swipe card reader has a reader on both sides. The swipe card reader reads the card as the consumer moves the card through the reader. The swipe card reader cannot retract, capture, or retain cards.

Magnetic Stripe

2008-11-19T00:59:00.000-08:00

A magnetic stripe card is a type of card capable of storing data by modifying the magnetism of tiny iron-based magnetic particles on a band of magnetic material on the card. The magnetic stripe, sometimes called a magstripe, is read by physical contact and swiping past a reading head .Magnetic stripe cards are commonly used in credit card, ATM Card, indetity card, and transportation tickets

There a two type of magnetic stripe variety. One is High coercivity and other low coercivity. Diferent both that tyape is, High coercivity have strong magnetism and hard to erase data , right for card which have frequently use. For Low coercivity againts from High Coevercity.

Ussualy, we can recognize the coercivity from color of magnetic stripe. If the color of magnetic stripe is light brown it means the magnetic stripe is have low coervicity, but if dark brown the coercivity is High coercivitym, but now high coercivity have Silver colour.

On the inside, magnetic stripe consist 3 track for each magnetic stripe have own format to encode data to magnetic stripe. For financial such as ATM or Debit Card, ussualy only using track 1 and track 2, which the format following ISO 7813 (international standard for financial Card).
The information on track 1 have many format, but financial instution using format B for encode track 1, the format track 1 is below :
Track one, Format B:
• Start sentinel — one character (generally '%')
• Format code="B" — one character (alpha only)
• Primary account number (PAN) — up to 19 characters. Usually, but not always, matches the credit card number printed on the front of the card.
• Field Separator — one character (generally '^')
• Name — two to 26 characters
• Field Separator — one character (generally '^')
• Expiration date — four characters in the form YYMM.
• Service code — three characters
• Discretionary data — may include Pin Verification Key Indicator (PVKI, 1 character), Pin Verification Value (PVV, 4 characters), Card Verification Value or Card Verification Code (CVV or CVK, 3 characters)
• End sentinel — one character (generally '?')
• Longitudinal redundancy check (LRC) — one character
Commonly the bank use track 1 with format B only for store name of customer, so if you on ATM and your name displayed on screen, you will know the name came from track 1 on your card.

For Track 2 was develop by banking industry(ABA). And track 2 format as follow:

• Start sentinel — one character (generally ';')
• Primary account number (PAN) — up to 19 characters. Usually, but not always, matches the credit card number printed on the front of the card.
• Separator — one char (generally '=')
• Expiration date — four characters in the form YYMM.
• Service code — three characters
• Discretionary data — as in track one
• End sentinel — one character (generally '?')
• LRC — one character
The ATM will acquire Primary Account number of customer from this track before sending to the network.

What Inside on ATM

2008-11-14T07:43:00.000-08:00

Automated Teller Machine or ussual we call ATM, is a machine which have function almost same with teller on Bank Desk, But not all function teller can be replace with ATM. Some function teller who can be done on ATM is, withdrawl, Balance Inquiry, Transfer, payment, Deposit Money, registration for E – banking or mobile banking, and print your account book. some ATM can be generate some coupon like voucher,ticketing, and other.
Trully Inside on ATM is a Personal Computer or Computer with Specific Application for control all device which attached to the computer and manage communication & message from ATM to the host. Every device have own function :

-Personal Computer
Main job for control all device and manage connection with the host
-Dispenser
The Function for Dispense money from cassette depend customer request
-Card Reader
The Function for read ATM Card data.
-Receipt Printer
Printing transaction data for customer
-Journal Printer
Logged all transaction and activity on ATM
-Security Module
Encrypt/Decrypt PIN data customer before send to the network.
-Alert System
Monitoring condition ATM environment with the sensor.
-Depositor (some model ATM)
Deposit Money
-Passbook/Statement Printer (some model ATM)
Printing all transaction on customer Account book.

Ilustrated Device inside ATM